Preparation of motor fuels



April 9, 1935. R. E. BURK ET AL PREPARATION OF MOTOR FUELS Filed Jan. 21, 1931 NAPTHA- OXYGEN OR AIR VAPORS CRACKING CONDENSE MOTOR F-UEL INVENTORJ PQcrt'i Burk 0716/ y 64*871'8776'. flay/Q66.

ATTO EY6.

Patented Apr. 9, 1935 I UNITED STATES PATENTJOFFlC'E PREPARATION OF MOTOR FUELS Robert EJBurk and Everett C, Hughes, Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application January 21, 1931, Serial No. 510,323

3 Claims. (Cl. 196-65) This invention relates to the preparation of condensate recovered showed little change in motor fuels, and more particularly fuels feasible end p but Whereas the Original al d for usage under load or compression conditions. knocked violently in a motorlwith raised com- In customary gasoline, for instance as produced pr ss t p du t av d v y s t s a t y- 5 by straight distillation from crude petroleum of On such basis, in accordance with our process, 5

Mid-Continent type, there is an objectionable it is readily practicable to raise the knocktendency to develop knocking in conditions of rating without disarranging the boiling point and high compression or load. A fuel having the gravity conditions. The percent of hydrocarotherwise good properties of gasoline while avoidbons soluble in sulphuric acid containing 30 pering such tendencies, without compelling recourse cent P205 shows a very material increase. For E0 to introduction of foreign materials, is accordin instance, with a straight run naphtha from Midly highly important and fundamentally desirable. Continent crude, such naphtha having an initial To the accomplishment of the foregoing and B. P. of about 100 F., and an end point of about related ends the invention, then, comprises the 0 F and 6 percent soluble in sulphuric acid features hereinafter fully described and particuand phosphorus pentoxide mixture, after sub- 15 larly pointed out in the claims, the following jection to the present process there is a percentdescription and the annexed drawing setting age of about 24 soluble in the acid mixture, the forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments distillation and gravity constants remaining of the invention, these being indicative, however, practically unchanged. of but a few of the various ways in which the The product may be further treated, if desired, 20

principle of the invention may be employed. to a finishing lye-wash, as customary.

In said annexed drawing: If still further anti-knock treatment is pre- The sole figure is a diagrammatic representaferred, the product may be re-passed through the tion of an embodiment of the process, on the heating and oxygen stage, one or more times.

25 order of a. flow-sheet. For example, a straight-run naphtha having ser- 25 In accordance with the present invention, gasoious knocking tendency was passed three times lines having knocking constituents, such as ordithrough a heating zone at 930 F. with air in l nary or straight run gasoline, is subjected to to 1 ratio, and 0.7 second time for each pass. The conditions of temperature and,re-action making end product was for practical purposes as satisfundamental changes in the properties relative to factory as the specially-compounded type of anti- 30 knock. We subject such gasoline to the action knock fuels. of heat, in the presence of oxygen, at tempera- In contrast to cracking, it will be noticed that tures lying in the cracking range, for instance, when the same stock naphtha mentioned above between 840 F.-l300 F. in general. With the was subjected to an ordinary cracking to the same gasoline or naphtha vapor, oxygen conveniently volumetric yield of gasoline the product retained 35 -in the form of air, is provided in proportions, substantially the same knocking tendencies of the for instance, of a range of /2 up to 5 of air to 1 original stock. volume of naphtha vapor. High pressures are Other modes of applying the principle of the not necessary and 100 pounds per square inch invention may be employed, change being made need not be exceeded. In fact ordinarily a relaas regards the details described, provided the fea- 40 tively low pressure is best, justenough to secure tures stated in any of the following claims, or a desirable through-put rate. The heating time the equivalent of such, be employed. may vary, depending somewhat upon-the tem- We therefore particularly point out and disperature, and may range for instance between tinctly claim as our invention:

0.075 to 1 second. 1. A process of preparing motor fuel, which 45 As an example: A straight run gasoline of comprises heating gasoline vapor fractionated to initial B. P. 116 F., 5 percent off at 158 F., 28 substantially desired end-point and substantially percent off at 212 F., 35 percent off at 221 F., 75 unmixed with other gasiform hydrocarbons percent off at 284 F., and 97 percent off at 356 0.075 to. 1 second at a temperature of 840 F.

F., with end point 368 F., was passed through a 1300 F. in the presence of /2 up to 5 volumes of 50 heating zone of temperature of 930 F.-1112 F., air, without materially changing the end point together with about 2% volumes of air to each of the total condensate. volume of naphtha vapor, and under pressure 2. A process of preparing motor fuel, which just sufficient for good through-put, the heating comprises heating gasoline vapor fractionated to time being between 0.2 and 0.5 seconds. The substantially desired end-point and substantially unmixed with other gasiiorm hydrocarbons 0.2

3. A process of preparing motor fuel, which comprises repeatedly subjecting gasoline vapor. fractionated to substantially desired end-point and substantially unmixed with other gasiiorm hydrocarbons to a temperature or about 930 F. for about 0.7 second in the presence of about an equal volume of air, without materially changing the end point of the total condensate.

ROBERT E. BURK. rzvmwrr c. HUGHES. 

